Sunday, February 26, 2012
"We are not personally acquainted with the writings of John Calvin, nor are we certain how nearly we agree with his views of divine truth; neither do we care."
The two early nineteenth-century Kentucky revivalists Robert Marshall and J. Thompson in response to criticism (presumably Reformed), as quoted by Mark A. Noll in The scandal of the evangelical mind (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Company, 1994), 63, quoting Nathan O. Hatch, The democratization of American Christianity (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989), 174.
A potential downside of competition
"The consequences for the churches were immense. They were now compelled to compete for adherents. . . ."
"This combination of revivalism and disestablishment had effects whose importance cannot be exaggerated. Analyzed positively, the combination gave the American churches a new dynamism, a new effectiveness in fulfilling the Great Commission, and a new vitality in bringing the gospel to the people. Analyzed negatively, the combination of revivalism and disestablishment meant that pragmatic concerns would prevail over principle. What the churches required were results—new adherents—or they would simply go out of business. Thus, the production of results had to override all other considerations."
Mark A. Noll, The scandal of the evangelical mind (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1994), 66. Yet wouldn't a determinative factor be the target audience? Wouldn't it depend on who you're competing for? And haven't intellectuals been always in the minority? And if that's true, then don't you have to "become all things to all men"?
Moreover, I find it hard to believe that schism isn't an additional factor, i.e. that a united church isn't in a better position to "become all things to all men" than an increasingly fragmented one.
"This combination of revivalism and disestablishment had effects whose importance cannot be exaggerated. Analyzed positively, the combination gave the American churches a new dynamism, a new effectiveness in fulfilling the Great Commission, and a new vitality in bringing the gospel to the people. Analyzed negatively, the combination of revivalism and disestablishment meant that pragmatic concerns would prevail over principle. What the churches required were results—new adherents—or they would simply go out of business. Thus, the production of results had to override all other considerations."
Mark A. Noll, The scandal of the evangelical mind (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1994), 66. Yet wouldn't a determinative factor be the target audience? Wouldn't it depend on who you're competing for? And haven't intellectuals been always in the minority? And if that's true, then don't you have to "become all things to all men"?
Moreover, I find it hard to believe that schism isn't an additional factor, i.e. that a united church isn't in a better position to "become all things to all men" than an increasingly fragmented one.
Saturday, February 25, 2012
Edwards on the immediacy of the "divine and supernatural light"
"II. I proceed now to the second thing proposed, viz. to show how this light is immediately given by God, and not obtained by natural means. And here,
"First. 'Tis not intended that the natural faculties are not made use of in it. The natural faculties are the subject of this light: and they are the subject in such a manner, that they are not merely passive, but active in it; the acts and exercises of man's understanding are concerned and made use of in it. God in letting in this light into the soul, deals with man according to his nature, or as a rational creature; and makes use of his human faculties. But yet this light is not the less immediately from God for that; though the faculties are made use of, 'tis as the subject and not as the cause; and that acting of the faculties in it, is not the cause, but is either implied in the thing itself (in the light that is imparted), or is the consequence of it. As the use that we make of our eyes in beholding various objects, when the sun arises, is not the cause of the light that discovers those objects to us.
"Second. 'Tis not intended that outward means have no concern in this affair. As I have observed already, 'tis not in this affair, as it is in inspiration, where new truths are suggested: for here is by this light only given a due apprehension of the same truths that are revealed in the Word of God; and therefore it is not given without the Word. The gospel is made use of in this affair: this light is "the light of the glorious gospel of Christ" (2 Corinthians 4:4). The gospel is as a glass, by which this light is conveyed to us; 1 Corinthians 13:12, "Now we see through a glass…." But,
"Third. When it is said that this light is given immediately by God, and not obtained by natural means, hereby is intended, that 'tis given by God without making use of any means that operate by their own power, or a natural force. God makes use of means; but 'tis not as mediate causes to produce this effect. There are not truly any second causes of it; but it is produced by God immediately. The Word of God is no proper cause of this effect: it don't operate by any natural force in it. The Word of God is only made use of to convey to the mind the subject matter of this saving instruction: and this indeed it doth convey to us by natural force or influence. It conveys to our minds these and those doctrines; it is the cause of the notion of them in our heads, but not of the sense of the divine excellency of them in our hearts. Indeed a person can't have spiritual light without the Word. But that don't argue, that the Word properly causes that light. The mind can't see the excellency of any doctrine, unless that doctrine be first in the mind; but the seeing the excellency of the doctrine may be immediately from the Spirit of God; though the conveying of the doctrine or proposition itself may be by the Word. So that the notions that are the subject matter of this light, are conveyed to the mind by the Word of God; but that due sense of the heart, wherein this light formally consists, is immediately by the Spirit of God. As for instance, that notion that there is a Christ, and that Christ is holy and gracious, is conveyed to the mind by the Word of God: but the sense of the excellency of Christ by reason of that holiness and grace, is nevertheless immediately the work of the Holy Spirit."
Jonathan Edwards, "A divine and supernatural light" (August 1733), Doctrine II. The works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Perry Miller et al., vol. 17 (Sermons and discourses, 1730-1733, ed. Mark R. Valeri (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999)), p. 416-17.
"First. 'Tis not intended that the natural faculties are not made use of in it. The natural faculties are the subject of this light: and they are the subject in such a manner, that they are not merely passive, but active in it; the acts and exercises of man's understanding are concerned and made use of in it. God in letting in this light into the soul, deals with man according to his nature, or as a rational creature; and makes use of his human faculties. But yet this light is not the less immediately from God for that; though the faculties are made use of, 'tis as the subject and not as the cause; and that acting of the faculties in it, is not the cause, but is either implied in the thing itself (in the light that is imparted), or is the consequence of it. As the use that we make of our eyes in beholding various objects, when the sun arises, is not the cause of the light that discovers those objects to us.
"Second. 'Tis not intended that outward means have no concern in this affair. As I have observed already, 'tis not in this affair, as it is in inspiration, where new truths are suggested: for here is by this light only given a due apprehension of the same truths that are revealed in the Word of God; and therefore it is not given without the Word. The gospel is made use of in this affair: this light is "the light of the glorious gospel of Christ" (2 Corinthians 4:4). The gospel is as a glass, by which this light is conveyed to us; 1 Corinthians 13:12, "Now we see through a glass…." But,
"Third. When it is said that this light is given immediately by God, and not obtained by natural means, hereby is intended, that 'tis given by God without making use of any means that operate by their own power, or a natural force. God makes use of means; but 'tis not as mediate causes to produce this effect. There are not truly any second causes of it; but it is produced by God immediately. The Word of God is no proper cause of this effect: it don't operate by any natural force in it. The Word of God is only made use of to convey to the mind the subject matter of this saving instruction: and this indeed it doth convey to us by natural force or influence. It conveys to our minds these and those doctrines; it is the cause of the notion of them in our heads, but not of the sense of the divine excellency of them in our hearts. Indeed a person can't have spiritual light without the Word. But that don't argue, that the Word properly causes that light. The mind can't see the excellency of any doctrine, unless that doctrine be first in the mind; but the seeing the excellency of the doctrine may be immediately from the Spirit of God; though the conveying of the doctrine or proposition itself may be by the Word. So that the notions that are the subject matter of this light, are conveyed to the mind by the Word of God; but that due sense of the heart, wherein this light formally consists, is immediately by the Spirit of God. As for instance, that notion that there is a Christ, and that Christ is holy and gracious, is conveyed to the mind by the Word of God: but the sense of the excellency of Christ by reason of that holiness and grace, is nevertheless immediately the work of the Holy Spirit."
Jonathan Edwards, "A divine and supernatural light" (August 1733), Doctrine II. The works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Perry Miller et al., vol. 17 (Sermons and discourses, 1730-1733, ed. Mark R. Valeri (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999)), p. 416-17.
"It is not rational to suppose, if there be any such excellency in divine things, that wicked men should see it."
"It is not rational to suppose, if there be any such excellency in divine things, that wicked men should see it. 'Tis not rational to suppose, that those whose minds are full of spiritual pollution, and under the power of filthy lusts, should have any relish or sense of divine beauty, or excellency; or that their minds should be susceptive of that light that is in its own nature so pure and heavenly. It need not seem at all strange, that sin should so blind the mind, seeing that men's particular natural tempers and dispositions will so much blind them in secular matters; as when men's natural temper is melancholy, jealous, fearful, proud, or the like."
Jonathan Edwards, "A divine and supernatural light" (August 1733), Doctrine III Secondly 2. The works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Perry Miller et al., vol. 17 (Sermons and discourses, 1730-1733, ed. Mark R. Valeri (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999)), p. 421.
Jonathan Edwards, "A divine and supernatural light" (August 1733), Doctrine III Secondly 2. The works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Perry Miller et al., vol. 17 (Sermons and discourses, 1730-1733, ed. Mark R. Valeri (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999)), p. 421.
Monday, February 20, 2012
Sit anima mea cum Westleio
"We hope nothing then, we fear every thing, from a religious movement, which nevertheless in its rise excites our sympathy, and of which we do not deny, as of any event in the world, the incidental benefits. Yet interest, pity and admiration we do feel for many of the principal agents in it; and if the choice lay between them and the reformers of the 16th century (which we thankfully acknowledge it does not,) a serious inquirer would have greater reason for saying, 'Sit anima mea cum Westleio,' than 'cum Luthero,' or 'cum Calvino,' and 'cum multis aliis,' as the grammar has it, 'quos nunc perscribere longum est.'"
John Henry Newman, reviewing vol. 1 of The life and times of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon (London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1839), in The British critic, and quarterly theological review 28, no. 56 (October 1840): 264. All of this though Methodism was, for Newman, undoubtedly "a formal heresy" (263).
George Whitfield in a letter from Bristol dated 24 June 1749: "Sit anima mea cum Methodistis."
I was put onto this by Robert G. Walker, "A game of tag: a new source for Samuel Johnson?," Times literary supplement no. 5675 (January 6, 2012): 14 (14-15), where the source and subsequent career of the Averoeism "Sit anima mea cum . . ." is discussed at some length.
John Henry Newman, reviewing vol. 1 of The life and times of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon (London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1839), in The British critic, and quarterly theological review 28, no. 56 (October 1840): 264. All of this though Methodism was, for Newman, undoubtedly "a formal heresy" (263).
George Whitfield in a letter from Bristol dated 24 June 1749: "Sit anima mea cum Methodistis."
I was put onto this by Robert G. Walker, "A game of tag: a new source for Samuel Johnson?," Times literary supplement no. 5675 (January 6, 2012): 14 (14-15), where the source and subsequent career of the Averoeism "Sit anima mea cum . . ." is discussed at some length.
Saturday, February 11, 2012
Iron, then blood
"Nicht durch Reden und Majoritätsbeschlüsse werden die großen Fragen der Zeit entschieden . . . sondern durch Eisen und Blut".
Otto von Bismark, "Shortly after being appointed premier of Prussia in [(on 30 September)] 1862," as quoted by R. J. W. Evans, in "The gambler in blood and iron," The New York review of books 59, no. 3 (February 23, 2012), 37n1, citing Die gesammelten Werke, ed. H. von Petersdorff (Berlin: Otto Stolberg, 1924-1934), vol. 10, p. 140. According to the 3rd edition of the Oxford dictionary of quotations, Bismark himself reversed the two words in his famous speech to the Prussian House of Deputies on 28 January 1886. But Prof. Evans thinks that by that point he was simply going along with the "geflugeltes Wort" that the public had been making of it since the 1860s (note to me dated 12 February 2012).
Otto von Bismark, "Shortly after being appointed premier of Prussia in [(on 30 September)] 1862," as quoted by R. J. W. Evans, in "The gambler in blood and iron," The New York review of books 59, no. 3 (February 23, 2012), 37n1, citing Die gesammelten Werke, ed. H. von Petersdorff (Berlin: Otto Stolberg, 1924-1934), vol. 10, p. 140. According to the 3rd edition of the Oxford dictionary of quotations, Bismark himself reversed the two words in his famous speech to the Prussian House of Deputies on 28 January 1886. But Prof. Evans thinks that by that point he was simply going along with the "geflugeltes Wort" that the public had been making of it since the 1860s (note to me dated 12 February 2012).
Monday, February 6, 2012
Grace
You say grace before meals.
All right.
But I say grace before the play and the opera,
And grace before the concert and pantomime,
And grace before I open a book,
And grace before sketching, painting,
Swimming, fencing, boxing, walking, playing, dancing;
And grace before I dip the pen in the ink.
G. K. Chesterton, "Grace," British Library MS Add. 73334 (c. 1894-1896), fol. 5v, as reproduced on p. 43 of vol. 10 of the Collected works (Collected poetry, Part 1), under "Juvenile and early poems," as well as elsewhere, as indicated by the British Library record. I was introduced to this by my sister, Lois Perisho Tebo.
All right.
But I say grace before the play and the opera,
And grace before the concert and pantomime,
And grace before I open a book,
And grace before sketching, painting,
Swimming, fencing, boxing, walking, playing, dancing;
And grace before I dip the pen in the ink.
G. K. Chesterton, "Grace," British Library MS Add. 73334 (c. 1894-1896), fol. 5v, as reproduced on p. 43 of vol. 10 of the Collected works (Collected poetry, Part 1), under "Juvenile and early poems," as well as elsewhere, as indicated by the British Library record. I was introduced to this by my sister, Lois Perisho Tebo.
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